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Kind-1 (TextNote)

2026-03-15T09:34:07Z

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Genuine question: How do you personally know that the Bible in your home has the correct number of books? Keep the following in mind when you answer.

  1. The Reformers themselves couldn't agree on the canon.

Luther demoted Hebrews, James, Jude, and Revelation to unnumbered appendix status, identical to how he treated the Apocrypha, and kept it that way in every edition he supervised until his death in 1545.

Calvin called Baruch "the Prophet" in his commentary on 1 Corinthians 10 and argued Paul borrowed from Baruch 4:7, a book every Protestant Bible today rejects.

Karlstadt (Luther's senior colleague who helped launch the Reformation) ranked Paul's epistles as subordinate to the Gospels and stripped them of equal authority with Christ's words. Zwingli doubted the canonicity of Revelation, and the early Zurich Bibles (1524–1529) copied Luther's demotion of the same four NT books.

Chemnitz (the most important Lutheran theologian after Luther) still maintained a two-tier New Testament in the 1570s: 20 undisputed books and 7 that shouldn't be used to prove doctrine. Calvin also had reservations about 2 John, 3 John, and Revelation, meaning he and Luther disagreed on which NT books were questionable.

By 1596, a Hamburg Bible explicitly labelled Luther's four demoted books as "Apocrypha," within Lutheranism itself.

  1. For over a thousand years, the body of Christ received 73 books. The Councils of Hippo (393), Carthage (397), and Florence (1442) all affirmed the same list. Augustine laid out the method in On Christian Doctrine: follow the judgment of the greater number of Catholic churches, giving special weight to those founded by apostles. When he applied that method, he arrived at the exact 73-book Catholic canon. The first generation of Christians to disagree were the Reformers, and as point 1 shows, they couldn't even agree among themselves.

  2. The method used to justify the change isn't biblical. Calvin argued we can know which books are Scripture through an inward feeling, "a divine energy living and breathing in it." He claimed this was as easy as telling black from white. But Scripture itself never tells us to determine the canon this way. Strikingly, this is the exact method the Book of Mormon uses (Moroni 10:4-5, pray about it and you'll feel the truth) and the Quran uses (Surah 17, its beauty and doctrine prove its divine origin). Meanwhile, Jeremiah 17:9 warns us that "the heart is deceitful above all things." So what distinguishes the Protestant's internal feeling about 66 books from a Mormon's internal feeling about the Book of Mormon?

Kruger (whose book you referenced previously) tries to rescue this by shifting from the individual to the corporate: Christ's sheep hear His voice (John 10:27), and the Holy Spirit leads His people collectively to recognise the canon.

Calvin said you don't need the Church because each believer is inwardly led by the Spirit. Kruger says actually, it's the corporate body of believers that the Spirit leads. These are opposite claims.

Calvin's version fails because the individuals (as point 1 shows) couldn't agree. Kruger's version fails because the corporate Church's answer for over a millennium was 73 books (point 2).

They've switched arguments precisely because neither one works, and the two arguments contradict each other.

If the Spirit leads individuals, why did the Reformers get different answers? If the Spirit leads the corporate body, why did Protestants break from that body's unanimous canon?

So, how do YOU personally know the Bible in your home has the correct number of books?

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